German grammar: all rules from A1 to C2
Every rule in the order you need them, explained in plain English with examples.
Level A1
- 1Personal pronouns (ich, du, er…)
- 2Present tense of regular verbs
- 3sein and haben
- 4Verb in second position
- 5W-questions (wer, was, wo…)
- 6Yes/no questions
- 7Noun gender: der, die, das
- 8Indefinite article: ein, eine
- 9Negation with nicht and kein
- 10Plural of nouns
- 11Accusative case
- 12Possessive articles (mein, dein…)
- 13Verbs with vowel change (fahren → fährt)
- 14Modal verbs (können, müssen, möchten…)
- 15Separable verbs (anrufen, aufstehen)
- 16Imperative
- 17Time prepositions: am, um, im
- 18Numbers, time and dates
- 19Perfect tense with haben
- 20Perfect tense with sein
- 21Dative case: the basics
Level A2
- 22Verbs with the dative (helfen, gefallen)
- 23Prepositions with the dative (mit, bei, von…)
- 24Prepositions with the accusative (für, ohne…)
- 25Two-way prepositions (in, an, auf…)
- 26stellen/stehen, legen/liegen, hängen
- 27Simple past of sein, haben and modal verbs
- 28Reflexive verbs (sich freuen)
- 29man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts
- 30Adjective endings: the basics
- 31Comparative and superlative
- 32und, aber, oder, denn, sondern
- 33Subordinate clauses with weil and dass
- 34Conditions with wenn
- 35Indirect questions (ob, wann, wo…)
- 36Verbs with fixed prepositions (warten auf)
- 37darauf, worauf and friends
- 38Future with werden
- 39Polite requests: würde, hätte, wäre, könnte
Level B1
- 40Simple past of all verbs
- 41Past perfect (Plusquamperfekt)
- 42Relative clauses
- 43Adjective endings in all cases
- 44Adjectives used as nouns
- 45Genitive case
- 46n-declension (der Kunde → den Kunden)
- 47Infinitive with zu
- 48Purpose: um…zu and damit
- 49Time clauses: bevor, nachdem, während, seit
- 50als or wenn?
- 51Contrast: obwohl and trotzdem
- 52entweder…oder, sowohl…als auch, weder…noch
- 53Konjunktiv II: wishes and unreal situations
- 54Passive in the present
- 55Passive in the past
- 56Using lassen
- 57The word es
- 58hin and her
Level B2
- 59Passive with modal verbs
- 60Stative passive (ist geöffnet)
- 61Konjunktiv II in the past (hätte gemacht)
- 62Reported speech with Konjunktiv I
- 63Participles as adjectives
- 64Prepositions with the genitive (wegen, trotz…)
- 65je…desto
- 66Relative clauses with prepositions, wer and was
- 67Subjective modal verbs (er soll reich sein)
- 68sein zu / haben zu
- 69The double infinitive
- 70Turning verbs into nouns
- 71Future perfect
- 72dennoch, folglich, stattdessen…
Level C1
- 73Extended participle phrases
- 74Passive alternatives (sich lassen, -bar)
- 75Nominal vs. verbal style
- 76Noun-verb collocations (in Frage kommen)
- 77Modal particles (doch, ja, mal, eben)
- 78sofern, es sei denn, insofern
- 79Comparisons with als ob
- 80Konjunktiv I in formal writing
- 81Word order in the middle of the sentence
