“To be” in the present (zero verb)
In the present tense, Ukrainian usually leaves out “to be”. “I am a student” is simply Я студент. A dash can stand in for the verb between two nouns.
| English | Ukrainian |
|---|---|
| I am a teacher. | Я вчитель. |
| She is at home. | Вона вдома. |
| Kyiv is the capital. | Київ — столиця. |
When you do see є
- є = “there is / exists / has”: Тут є аптека? (Is there a pharmacy here?)
- In formal definitions: Мова є частиною культури.
- In the past and future the verb is needed: Я був вдома. Я буду вдома.
Examples
- Мене звати Олена. Я програмістка.My name is Olena. I am a programmer.
- Мій брат зараз у Варшаві.My brother is in Warsaw now.
- Ця квартира дуже світла.This flat is very bright.
- У місті є гарний парк.There is a nice park in the city.
- Мій друг — інженер.My friend is an engineer.
Common mistakes
- ✗ Вона є вдома.✓ Вона вдома.Ukrainian leaves out is in the present, and English she is at home needs the verb.
- ✗ Я вдома вчора.✓ Я був вдома вчора.The missing verb is only possible in the present, so the past needs був.
- ✗ Завтра я вдома.✓ Завтра я буду вдома.A future meaning needs the verb буду, because the omission applies only to the present.
- ✗ Тут немає є аптеки.✓ Тут немає аптеки.Немає already means there is not, so є cannot be added as English there is not allows.
- ✗ Вони є з Польщі.✓ Вони з Польщі.The verb is omitted in the present, unlike English they are from Poland.
