First conditional (if + present)

The first conditional talks about real possibilities in the future: if this happens, that will happen.

Rules

• After if, use the present, not will: If it will rain ✗.
• The order can change: We’ll stay at home if it rains (no comma).
• unless = if not: I won’t go unless you come.
• when for things that will certainly happen: When I get home, I’ll call you.

Examples

• If you need help, I’ll come.
• If the price goes down, we’ll buy it.
• What will you do if they say no?
• I’ll be late unless I take a taxi.
• If it snows, the flight will be cancelled.

Common mistakes

• ✗ If it will be sunny, we’ll go out.✓ If it is sunny, we’ll go out.The if-clause uses the present simple, even for the future.
• ✗ If she calls, I would answer.✓ If she calls, I’ll answer.In the first conditional the main clause uses will, not would.
• ✗ If he studies, he will passed.✓ If he studies, he will pass.After will the verb stays in the base form, so there is no past ending.
• ✗ Unless it doesn’t rain, we’ll have a picnic.✓ Unless it rains, we’ll have a picnic.Unless already means if not, so the verb after it is positive.
• ✗ If we miss the bus, we walk.✓ If we miss the bus, we’ll walk.The result of a possible future event needs will in the main clause.