Discourse markers in speech
Discourse markers are small words that organise conversation and show your attitude. They rarely change the facts, but they make you sound natural and fluent.
| function | markers |
|---|---|
| change topic | anyway, by the way, speaking of which |
| correct or contrast | actually, mind you, having said that |
| give your view | to be honest, frankly, if you ask me |
| gain time | well, let me see, you know, I mean |
| sum up | so, basically, in the end, all in all |
Watch the meaning
- actually = in fact, correcting something; not “currently”.
- mind you adds a contrasting thought: It’s expensive. Mind you, it’s very good.
- anyway closes a side topic and returns to the main one.
Examples
- Actually, I’ve never been to Paris.
- Anyway, where was I?
- To be honest, I didn’t like the film.
- It’s a long trip. Having said that, it’s worth it.
- By the way, did you call him?
Common mistakes
- ✗ On the end of the day, it’s cheap.✓ At the end of the day, it’s cheap.The fixed expression begins with at, not on, so it is at the end of the day.
- ✗ In addition of that, it’s cheap.✓ In addition to that, it’s cheap.The preposition in the phrase in addition is to, not of, before that.
- ✗ Actually, I live in Kyiv. (= at present)✓ At present, I live in Kyiv.Actually means in fact and does not mean currently.
- ✗ To be honest to you, I didn’t like it.✓ To be honest, I didn’t like it.The marker to be honest is used alone, without to you.
- ✗ At the first, I was nervous.✓ At first, I was nervous.The expression at first has no article, unlike the expression at the end.