Oraciones de participio (Having finished…, Feeling tired…)
Las construcciones de participio acortan las frases, sobre todo por escrito. Sustituyen una oración con when, because, after cuando ambas partes tienen el mismo sujeto, como el gerundio español (sintiéndome cansado…).
| forma | valor | ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| -ing | simultaneidad / causa | Feeling tired, I went to bed early. |
| having + participio | anterioridad | Having finished work, she went home. |
| participio | pasiva | Built in 1900, the house needs repairs. |
Ejemplos
- Walking home, I met an old friend.Volviendo a casa, me encontré con un viejo amigo.
- Not knowing what to do, he called his lawyer.Sin saber qué hacer, llamó a su abogado.
- Having read the contract, she signed it.Después de leer el contrato, lo firmó.
- Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.Escrito en un inglés sencillo, el libro se lee fácilmente.
- Surprised by the noise, she looked up.Sorprendida por el ruido, levantó la vista.
Errores comunes
- ✗ Opening the door, a cat ran out.✓ Opening the door, I saw a cat run out.El sujeto del participio y el de la frase principal deben coincidir, y aquí el gato no abre la puerta.
- ✗ Having finished, the lights were turned off.✓ Having finished, we turned off the lights.Quien terminó tiene que ser el sujeto de la frase principal.
- ✗ Having not finished the work, he stayed.✓ Not having finished the work, he stayed.La negación va antes de having: not having finished.
- ✗ Written in simple English, I understood the book.✓ Written in simple English, the book was easy to understand.El participio escrito se refiere al libro y no a quien lo lee.
- ✗ Feeling tired, so I went to bed.✓ Feeling tired, I went to bed.La construcción de participio no se une a la frase principal con so.