Умовні речення третього типу (if + had done)

Третій тип уявляє інше минуле: те, що не сталося, і його наслідки. Часто — для жалю. Форма: if + past perfect, would have + третя форма («якби я знав, то прийшов би»).

could have, might have і скорочення

• could have / might have для можливості: If you’d asked, I could have helped.
• У мовленні: I’d have = I would have; If I’d known = If I had known.

Приклади

• If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam.Якби я більше вчився, я б склав іспит.
• She wouldn’t have got the job if she hadn’t applied early.Вона не отримала б роботу, якби не подала заявку рано.
• What would you have done if you had been there?Що б ти зробив, якби був там?
• If you had told me, I could have helped.Якби ти мені сказав, я міг би допомогти.
• If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone hiking.Якби не пішов дощ, ми б пішли в похід.

Типові помилки

• ✗ If I would have known, I would have come.✓ If I had known, I would have come.У частині з if третього умовного вживаємо had + третю форму, а не would have.
• ✗ If I knew, I would have come.✓ If I had known, I would have come.Нереальну умову про минуле передаємо через Past perfect, а не Past simple.
• ✗ Would you have come if I have invited you?✓ Would you have come if I had invited you?У частині з if третього умовного після нереальної минулої умови потрібен past perfect.
• ✗ If she had studied, she would passed.✓ If she had studied, she would have passed.Після would have потрібна третя форма дієслова: passed.
• ✗ If I had went there, I would have seen it.✓ If I had gone there, I would have seen it.Третя форма від go — gone, а went є формою Past simple.