must, have to, should
Ces verbes expriment l’obligation et le conseil. must et have to sont forts (devoir, il faut) ; should est une recommandation (tu devrais).
| sens | exemple | |
|---|---|---|
| must | obligation ressentie par le locuteur, règles | I must call my mum. |
| have to | obligation extérieure | I have to work on Saturday. |
| mustn’t | c’est interdit | You mustn’t smoke here. |
| don’t have to | ce n’est pas nécessaire | You don’t have to pay. |
| should | conseil | You should see a doctor. |
Formes
- have to se conjugue comme un verbe normal : she has to, did you have to?, I had to.
- must n’a pas de passé : on emploie had to.
Exemples
- You have to show your passport.Vous devez montrer votre passeport.
- I had to wait for two hours.J’ai dû attendre deux heures.
- You mustn’t park in front of the gate.Il est interdit de se garer devant le portail.
- You should try the local food.Tu devrais goûter la cuisine locale.
- You must wear a seatbelt.Il faut attacher sa ceinture.
Erreurs courantes
- ✗ I must go to work yesterday.✓ I had to go to work yesterday.Must n’a pas de passé, donc on emploie had to pour parler d’hier.
- ✗ He have to work today.✓ He has to work today.Avec he, she et it la forme est has to et non have to.
- ✗ Do I must go now?✓ Do I have to go now?Must ne forme pas de question avec do, on utilise donc have to avec do.
- ✗ We have go now.✓ We have to go now.Have to a toujours to avant le verbe, donc We have go est incomplet.
- ✗ They had to waited two hours.✓ They had to wait two hours.Après had to on met la forme de base du verbe, car had to marque déjà le passé.