Level A2

Comparing: daha, en, -den (daha büyük, en büyük)

The comparative is daha (more) before the adjective, the superlative is en: daha büyük (bigger), en büyük (the biggest). The thing you compare with takes the ablative: Ali'den daha uzun (taller than Ali).

DegreeHowExample
basicadjectivebüyük (big)
comparativedaha + adjectivedaha büyük (bigger)
comparisonnoun + -den (+ daha) + adjectiveİstanbul Ankara'dan (daha) büyük.
superlativeen + adjectiveen büyük (the biggest)
equalitynoun + kadarAli kadar uzun (as tall as Ali)

What is different from English?

  • There is no -er / -est and no irregular form like “better”: iyi → daha iyi, en iyi.
  • English “than” is the ablative ending; daha can even be dropped: *Ali benden uzun* (Ali is taller than me).
  • Pronouns take the genitive before kadar: *benim kadar* (as … as me).

Examples

  • İstanbul Ankara'dan daha büyük.Istanbul is bigger than Ankara.
  • Bu çanta daha ucuz.This bag is cheaper.
  • Ali sınıfın en uzun öğrencisi.Ali is the tallest student in the class.
  • Kardeşim benden iki yaş küçük.My brother is two years younger than me.
  • Bugün dün kadar soğuk değil.Today isn't as cold as yesterday.

Common mistakes

  • ✗ Ali daha uzun ki ben.✓ Ali benden daha uzun.English “than” is not ki; Turkish marks the person compared with the ablative and puts it first: benden daha uzun.
  • ✗ Bu en çok güzel şehir.✓ Bu en güzel şehir.English “the most beautiful” uses “most”; Turkish needs only en before the adjective, without çok.
  • ✗ Murat Mehmet'den uzun.✓ Murat Mehmet'ten uzun.After the voiceless t and the front vowel e, the ablative is -ten: Mehmet'ten.
  • ✗ Ankara İstanbul'dan kadar kalabalık değil.✓ Ankara İstanbul kadar kalabalık değil.English “as crowded as Istanbul” has no case; before kadar the noun takes no ablative: İstanbul kadar.
  • ✗ Ali ben kadar uzun.✓ Ali benim kadar uzun.English says “as tall as me”; before kadar a pronoun takes the genitive: benim kadar.