Present perfect
El present perfect une el pasado con el presente. Forma: have / has + participio (worked, been, seen). Se parece al pretérito perfecto (he trabajado), pero no siempre coincide.
Tres usos principales
- Experiencia (sin decir cuándo): I’ve been to London. Have you ever tried sushi?
- Resultado presente: I’ve lost my keys (no las tengo ahora).
- Periodo no terminado con for / since: I’ve lived here for three years / since 2023.
| forma | |
|---|---|
| + | She has finished. |
| – | She hasn’t finished yet. |
| ? | Has she finished? |
Palabras típicas: ever, never, already, yet, just, for, since, so far.
Ejemplos
- I’ve never been to Spain.Nunca he estado en España.
- She’s just left.Se acaba de ir.
- We’ve known each other since school.Nos conocemos desde el colegio.
- Have you finished the report yet?¿Has terminado ya el informe?
- I’ve been here three times.He estado aquí tres veces.
Errores comunes
- ✗ I have seen him yesterday.✓ I saw him yesterday.Con yesterday se usa el past simple, aunque en español se diga lo he visto ayer.
- ✗ I have lived here since three years.✓ I have lived here for three years.Con un periodo se usa for y con un momento since, así que desde hace tres años es for three years.
- ✗ Have you ever eat sushi?✓ Have you ever eaten sushi?Tras have el verbo lleva el participio eaten y no la forma base.
- ✗ She has went home.✓ She has gone home.El participio de go es gone y no went, que es la forma del past simple.
- ✗ I have been never to Paris.✓ I have never been to Paris.Never va entre have y el participio, a diferencia del español nunca he estado.