Майбутнє в минулому
Щоб говорити про те, що було майбутнім з погляду минулого, зсуваємо майбутні форми назад: will → would, am going to → was going to. Українською зазвичай «буде», «збирався».
| форма | вживання | приклад |
|---|---|---|
| would | прогноз, обіцянка, непряма мова | I knew she would love it. |
| was / were going to | план чи намір, часто нездійснений | We were going to call, but we forgot. |
| was / were -ing | домовленість | He was nervous: he was flying the next day. |
| was / were about to | ось-ось мало статися | I was about to leave when the phone rang. |
was going to, would і was to
- Дуже часто в непрямій мові: She said she would help.
- was going to часто означає змінений план: I was going to study, but I watched a film instead.
- was to (офіційно) = так було заплановано чи судилося: He was to become president.
Приклади
- I thought it would be easier.Я думав, що буде легше.
- They were going to get married in June.Вони збиралися одружитися в червні.
- She told me she was leaving on Friday.Вона сказала, що їде в пʼятницю.
- We were about to give up when we found it.Ми вже мало не здалися, коли знайшли це.
- I didn’t know she would be there.Я не знав, що вона там буде.
Типові помилки
- ✗ He said he will come.✓ He said he would come.Після минулого дієслова мовлення will змінюється на would.
- ✗ I knew she is going to win.✓ I knew she was going to win.Після минулого дієслова мовлення to be going to змінюється на was going to.
- ✗ I thought it will rain.✓ I thought it would rain.Прогноз у минулому передаємо через would, а не will.
- ✗ She said she will have finished.✓ She said she would have finished.Після минулого дієслова мовлення will have змінюється на would have.
- ✗ I was going to calling you.✓ I was going to call you.Після was going to дієслово стоїть у початковій формі, а не з -ing.